Encyclopedia of vitamin terms

Acidosis

Renal homeostasis of internal environment, which is the essence of the pH drop below 7.35. A stable pH is essential for the proper conduct of a large number of chemical reactions taking place in the body. Dysregulation acidosis leads to disruption of the internal environment to death. [Wikipedia]

Acne

Inflammatory skin disease with typical superficial skin eruptions that are caused by the clogging of skin pores. Acne is a skin disease fatty glands (sebaceous glands) leading to clogs pores and sowing of lesions commonly called ulcers. [Centrumzdravia.sk]

Adrenaline

Catecholamines, which stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (operating at alpha-and beta-receptors), causing increased heart rate, cardiac output and coronary circulation. [Zdravie.sk]

Alzheimer's disease

The form of dementia in which brain cells cease to exist and undermine the information-carrying substance in the brain, particularly those responsible for storing memories.

Amino Acids

They are the main building unit of each fiber in our bodies. They are necessary for our muscles, hair, skin and all internal organs.

Anemia

It is defined by reducing the concentration hemoblogin in 1 liter of peripheral blood to less than 135 grams for men and less than 120 grams for women.

Anorexia

serious mental disorders - an active rejection of food, which may end with death. The most commonly arises in girls, boys make up only 5% of all patients.

Antibiotics

There are medicines to help the body fight bacteria and viruses that kill or weaken bacteria. They are harmless to viral infections (eg common cold) and (spongiform) fungal infections (such as mildew). [Sandoz.sk]

Antioxidants

Compounds involved in the inactivation of free radicals and their subsequent removal from the cell. This not only protects our cells, but also the whole organism.

Arteriosclerosis

Chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries, causing them constantly narrowing.

Arthritis

Chronic inflammatory disease that leads to destruction of cartilage and connective tissue, and consequently there is destruction and deformation of joints. The patient complains of increased pain and fatigue. Physical disability includes limited mobility and decreased physical performance, which may require hospitalization. [pfizer.sk]

Asthma

Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, which is manifested seizures mostly dry, irritable cough, respiratory distress and a feeling of audible breathing (wheezing etc..).

Avitaminosis

Complete lack or severe deficiency of vitamin. Induces pathological changes in organisms.

Beriberi

Serious disease caused by deficiency of vitamin B1. It causes paralysis of the legs, digestive problems, heart problems.

Cancer

is a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of tumor cells, associated with destruction of surrounding tissue, creating metastasis and overall exposure to the organism. [Wikipedia]

Carbohydrates

Group of biomolecules that are found in all living organisms. Perform several functions: a source of power, are part of enzymes, hormones and nucleic acids ... [Wikipedia]

Carotenoids

They are a group of vegetable dyes, which cause yellow to red color of fruit, vegetables and flowers. One of them, ß-carotene, the changes in the human body to vitamin A. [Eufic.org]

Cellulitis

It's caky skin that arises insight into the subcutaneous fat layer of skin, which gives rise to a floating dermal subcutaneous adipose tissue connections. [Sandoz.sk]

Cholesterol

The vital substance that the body uses to produce hormones, cell membranes for the construction, packaging and other nerve tissue. If it is too much blood can clog arteries and cause cardiovascular disease. [pfizer.sk]

Collagen

Fibrosus is a glycoprotein, is a major part of tissue binder. Supplied skin firmness and elasticity. The progressive aging changes in soluble collagen insoluble / degenerate collagen / and its ability to bind water is sharply reduced. After 25 years of age, the creation of collagen begins to reduce, to be phased out. [kolagen.sk]

Corticosteroids

are a class of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex.

Depression

The state of sadness, melancholy or despair that has resulted in devastating consequences for the individual in terms of its functioning in society and in carrying out his daily activities. [Sandoz.sk]

Dermatitis

Inflammatory skin disease.

Diabetes

It reduced the body's ability to use sugar from the blood, resulting in the blood rises, while the cells do not receive the nutrient.

DNA

DNA is the genetic material of cells. Fibrous structure of the chromosomes are located in the cell nucleus. They are formed by proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Nuclear chromatin is composed of 60% protein, 35% is 5% of DNA and RNA molecules. [Sandoz.sk]

Eczema

Inflammatory skin reaction in the presence or action of an irritant substance.

Edema

is defined as tangible or visible swelling of the body detectable by our senses, which is subject to accumulation of free fluid in the subcutis. [Solen]

Enzymes

Substances, which in very small quantities, act as accelerators of all biochemical reactions in the body. Positive affect metabolism and play an important role in regeneration.

Epilepsy

is a chronic neurological condition characterized by return unexpected / sudden episodes. The name of this disease comes from the Greek epilepsies - spasm. [Sandoz.sk]

Flavonoids

Water-soluble plant pigments that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can counteract damage to tissues.

Fructose

Fructose (fruit sugar) is Monosaccharide located mainly in fruits. It is sweeter than glucose as sucrose. After entering cells is converted to glucose before it can be used as an energy source.

Glucose

Glucose (grape sugar) is the basic substrate of cellular energy metabolism, which is used by all cells of the body through Krebs cycle.

Haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids (or piles) are varicose veins / venous enhanced maze or swelling and inflammation of veins in the rectum and anus. Rectum is surrounded by tissue that serves as a cushion to close anus and facilitates the process of elimination. [Sandoz.sk]

Hormones

Organic substances in a living organism created glands with internal secretion: the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, testis, ovary, thyroid, pancreas and parathyroid gland. Excreted into the blood, spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid (inkrét). They convey information to target organs and tissues.

Hydrophilic vitamins

Vitamins water soluble.

Hypercalcemia

It means too much calcium (serum calcium level greater than 2.6 mmol / l). It is a disease that is usually due to malignancy or primary hyperparathyroidizmu (increased production of PTH as a result. Parathyroid tumor). [Sandoz.sk]

Hypertension

Disease manifested by elevated blood pressure exceeding normal values.

Hypervitaminosis

Status when a plethora of vitamins in the body.

Hypovitaminosis

Slight lack of a vitamin in the body. It has vague symptoms: fatigue, malaise etc. Is it harder to detect. It can occur in febrile diseases, disorders of the endocrine ...

Immune System

It serves to defend the body against zoonotic diseases and foreign substances. Hence his ability to recognize and remove the morbidly altered the body's own cells. [primar.sk]

Influenza

These include infectious diseases of the airways (nose, throat, lungs) caused by several types of viruses. This is reflected in all age groups and in both sexes, but most occur in children. The most commonly occurs during winter and early spring months. [Sandoz.sk]

Insulin

Peptide hormones produced in the pancreas - pancreas. Allows glucose from the food given to the interior of cells and there was converted into energy. [Wikipedia]

Leukemia

It is cancer attacking tissues, which are responsible for the formation of blood (blood cells), including bone marrow and lymphatic system. [Sandoz.sk]

Lipophilic vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins.

Lipophilic vitamins

Highly reactive molecules and the molecules able to harm body cells, helping to prepare the ground for cancer, heart disease and many other degenerative diseases.

Macular Degeneration

Chronic, progressive disease macular (yellow spots), which may result in loss of central vision. [pfizer.sk]

Metabolism

Metabolites or metabolism is the set of all the biochemical changes of chemical compounds in living organisms and cells. This includes the biosynthesis of complex organic molecules (anabolism) and breakdown (catabolism).

Multiple sclerosis

is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the human immune system attacks the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), causing demyelination (myelin breakdown cover). [Wikipedia]

Obesity

Obesity is defined as an excessive amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to fat-free body mass. Doctors say that women with more than 30% share and men with more than 25% share of body fat are obese. [Sandoz.sk]

Osteoporosis

Disease in which there is increased fragility of bones, so that they are prone to fractures. Unless attention is paid to prevention of the disease, or if left untreated, the disease may progress without symptoms until a fracture occurs. [Centrumzdravia.sk]

Parasites

Parasites that live wholly or partially at the expense of the host. These are mainly animal parasites such as protozoa (protozoa), intestinal parasites and arthropods. These parasites can cause a whole range of infectious diseases such as - the nomination of at least some - malaria, sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, bilharziózu, toxoplasmosis and Chagas' disease. [Primar.sk]

Parkinson's disease

It is a serious, chronic, progressive disease, central nervous system, which belongs to a group of diseases called motoric system diseases. In Parkinson's disease begins, so far from unknown causes, declining number of dopamine-producing nerve cells. The result is an imbalance of dopamine resulting in loss of coordination of movements, which often manifested as shaking, stiff muscles and joints and difficulty moving. [Sandoz.sk]

Pelagra

Chronic illness caused by unilateral nutrition (type of vitamin deficiency and lack of Niacin Niacinamide) having cutaneous, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms.

Proteins

Natural substances composed primarily of amino acids and are essential elements for growth, renewal and proper functioning and structure of all living cells.

Salmonellosis

Salmonella infection is a general infection by bacteria (germs) from the family of Salmonella, which often attack the gastrointestinal tract and lymphatic system. [Sandoz.sk]

Scurvy

Disease from lack of vitamin C, which is reflected in hair loss teeth, softening of bones, bleeding, and lassitude.

Sucrose

The most common disaccharide consisting of one molecule of glucose and one fructose molecule. In the pure state is a white crystalline substance taste sweet. The application is mainly in food industry, where se is used as a sweetener. [Wikipedia]

Viruses

Viruses are organisms that can reproduce only inside living cells of other organisms (hosts). Are also called obligatory parasites. [Sandoz.sk]

Vitamin

"Vitamin is a substance which (a) higher body in very small quantities - but inevitably - it needs to exist, but it can not synthesize itself and must therefore obtain in the diet. Together with proteins, fats and carbohydrates are the essential elements human food. " [Wikipedia]